Puas yog koj siv cov fungicides zoo los tiv thaiv cov kab mob qos uas koj tab tom sim tswj? To taub li cas tshuaj tua kab kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem pab koj xaiv cov khoom zoo thiab thov nws kom ua haujlwm tau zoo tshaj. Nov yog qee qhov yuav tau txiav txim siab thaum koj ua phiaj xwm tswj hwm kab mob rau lub caij tom ntej.
Paub Cov Viv Nthiaj
Muaj ntau ntau hom kab mob ua rau cov kab mob: fungi, oomycetes, kab mob, phytoplasmas, kab mob, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv qos yaj ywm, ib tug muaj tseeb fungus, Alternaria solani, ua rau thaum ntxov blight.
Blight lig tshwm sim los ntawm Phytophthora infestan, ib oomycete. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb kom paub, vim tias fungicides uas tswj cov fungi tseeb tsis tas yuav tswj xyuas oomycetes, thiab rov hais dua.
Cov kab mob uas muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog protozoa ntau dua li cov fungi, Spongospora subterranea - kev saib xyuas hauv tsev f. sp. subterranea, ua rau powdery scab. Tsis muaj kev tswj xyuas zoo rau cov kab mob pob khaus thaum cov kab mob tau nkag mus rau hauv ib daim teb - tsis muaj cov kab mob fungicides uas hom kab mob no.
Cov Tshuaj Txhuam Hniav
Peb siv lo lus "fungicide" los piav txog ntau hom biocides uas tswj cov kab mob. Tab sis feem ntau cov fungicides tsom cov pab pawg ntawm cov kab mob. Nws yuav raug xa mus rau lawv li fungicides, oomyticides [sic], bactericides, nematicides, thiab lwm yam.
Broad Spectrum vs. Nqaim Spectrum
Fungicides zoo li chlorothalonil (piv txwv li, bravo, Echo), metiram (piv txwv li, Polyram), thiab mancozeb (xws li, Dithane, Penncozeb, thiab MZ-muaj cov noob kev kho mob) tau paub tias muaj kev pom dav dav ntawm kev ua tawm tsam ntau yam ntawm cov kab mob hu ua fungi thiab oomycetes thiab siv los txhawm rau tua cov kab mob myriad. Cov. Cov khoom siv tooj liab thiab leej faj muaj qee qhov haujlwm tawm tsam fungi, oomycetes, thiab kab mob. Cov khoom no yog qhov zam tshwj tsis yog txoj cai - feem ntau cov fungicides muaj qhov nqaim dua hauv lawv lub hom phiaj.
Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv thiab Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv, Kev Cuam Tshuam
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv fungicides yog thov rau cov nroj tsuag muaj kev noj qab haus huv kom tiv thaiv cov kab mob los ntawm kev cog qoob loo lossis kev nkag mus ntawm cov ntoo cov ntaub so ntswg, tab sis lawv tsis tuaj yeem kho cov kab mob uas twb muaj lawm thiab yuav tsum tau siv ua ntej cov nroj tsuag kis tau. Ntau tus tiv thaiv yog tiv tauj cov tshuaj fungicides uas lo rau cov nplooj ntoo thiab tsis nkag rau hauv cov nroj. Tag nrho cov khoom lag luam dav dav hais los saum toj no haum rau pawg no.
Cov tshuaj fungicides tuaj yeem ua nyob hauv cov nroj tsuag kom nres kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob. Lawv ua tau haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws thaum thov ua ntej kis tau tus mob lossis thawj teev lossis hnub ntawm kev kis mob, tab sis cov tshuaj fungicides yuav tsis tso tseg kev muaj kab mob siab. Cov tshuaj fungicides feem ntau yog cov kab ke, uas txhais tau tias lawv tau nqus los ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab hloov mus rau qee qib mus rau lwm qhov ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Cov Kab Mob "Txheej Txheem"
Fungicides uas tau muab cais ua "cov kab ke" raug ib txwm muab faib ua peb pawg raws li qhov lawv muaj peev xwm txav mus ntau hauv ib tsob ntoo:
- Txhais lus
- Systemic nyob hauv xylem
- Yuav muaj quag tshuab hauv phloem
- Cov Tshuaj Ntshav Phem (Translaminar Fungicides)
Translaminar fungicides kis ib ncig ntawm nplooj ntoos lossis nkag mus rau hauv cov nroj tsuag cov ntaub so ntswg, tab sis tsis txhob txav mus rau hauv cov nroj tsuag ntshav. Yog tias koj daim ntawv thov fungicide tsuas yog npog cov plaub hau ntawm nplooj, cov khoom lag luam txhais lus tuaj yeem txav hla nplooj nplooj mus rau sab qis. Txawm li cas los xij, nplooj qis qis rau hauv cov nplooj saum toj thiab cov uas loj hlob tom qab daim ntawv thov yuav tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv. Xov xwm (pyraclostobin, BASF) thiab woven (boscalid, BASF) yog cov translaminar fungicides uas tuaj yeem ua tau zoo hauv kev tswj cov kab mob thaum ntxov thaum siv los ua ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tu ncua.
Cov khoom no yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv kev sib hloov nrog rau lwm yam fungicides uas txawv nyob rau hauv lawv cov hom ntawm kev txiav txim kom tsis txhob muaj kev pheej hmoo. A. solan tsim kho kom zoo rau lawv (saib www.frac.info rau cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv txog fungicide tsis kam).
Tshuaj tua kab mob
Cov kab mob fungicides hloov mus rau hauv qhov xylem yog qhov tseem ceeb tau txav mus rau ib qho kev qhia dhau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, txij li xylem txav dej thiab khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig feem ntau nyob rau hauv ib qho kev coj - los ntawm cov hauv paus mus rau nplooj. Cov kab mob no yuav tsis faib tawm ntau rau cov nplooj ntoo qis dua thaum lawv tsuas yog thov rau saum cov ntoo. Qhov no yog vim li cas cov ntawv lo rau cov khoom lag luam rau translaminar thiab xylem-mobile systemic fungicides hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws tsis sib thooj. Txawm li cas los xij, xylem-mobile fungicides tuaj yeem txav mus rau tom ntej los tiv thaiv kev loj hlob tshiab tsuav yog cov tshuaj muaj zog hauv cov nroj tsuag txaus.
Txhawm rau tswj cov kab mob av, qee cov kab mob fungicides tau thov ncaj qha rau cov av, feem ntau yog cov tshuaj tsuag hauv av ntawm kev cog qoob loo lossis ua daim ntawv thov raws cov kab nyob ntawm cov kab tom qab tsob nroj tawm tuaj. Piv txwv ntawm xylem-mobile fungicides siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev no yog Ridomil Kub (mefenoxam, Syngenta) rau cov paj yeeb rot thiab Pythium ua kom muaj zog tuaj, thiab Plaubuad.. (azoxystrobin, Syngenta) tswj hwm Rhizoctonia qia canker lossis nyiaj scurf. Cov kab mob no yuav plam lawv lub hom phiaj (cov hauv paus hniav, stolons, lossis lub taub hau) yog tias cov ntawv thov tsuas npog cov nplooj.
Cov Tshuaj Txhuam Qoob Luv
Cov kab mob fungicides tag nrho yog hloov mus rau hauv lub phloem, uas txav mus rau photosynthates thiab qee cov as-ham nce thiab nqis ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Phosphorus acid khoom (piv txwv, Phostrol, NuFarm) tsuas yog cov kab mob fungicides nkaus xwb. Yog tias koj siv lawv rau cov nplooj, lawv tuaj yeem txav mus thoob plaws hauv cov nroj tsuag. Cov neeg cog qoob loo feem ntau siv cov khoom no rau cov nplooj ntoo nrog lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv tubers los ntawm cov kab mob xws li liab rot thiab lig blight.
Hmoov tsis zoo, muaj qhov tsis sib haum xeeb uas lo lus “systemic” rau ntawm daim ntawv lo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab txhais tau tias cov khoom yuav txav mus thoob cov nroj tsuag. Feem ntau ntawm cov fungicides uas daim ntawv lo qhia tias "kab ke" yog xylem-hloov chaw. Tsis paub qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam loj npaum li cas rau koj daim ntawv thov fungicide tswj cov phiaj kab mob.