University of Florida:
Yuav ua li cas fertigate nroj tsuag
ntawm qhov chaw pivots
rau kev lag luam qos
(Kev tshawb fawb 2020)

Qos yaj ywm yog cov qoob loo tseem ceeb hauv Tebchaws Meskas, nrog tus nqi ntawm $ 4.02 billion (USDA-NASS 2018). Florida tsim ib feem peb ntawm lub caij ntuj no / caij nplooj ntoos hlav qoob loo nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws thiab yog ranked lub 7th producer thoob teb chaws rau qos yaj ywm ntau lawm (USDA-NASS 2018).

Hauv Florida, cov qos yaj ywm tsuas yog cog rau ntawm cov av xuab zeb uas muaj cov khoom noj tsawg- thiab muaj peev xwm tuav dej. Ntawm tag nrho cov as-ham tseem ceeb rau kev cog qoob loo thiab kev loj hlob, nitrogen yog qhov txwv tsis pub tshaj plaws hauv Florida cov av xuab zeb (Liu li al. 2016). Kev siv cov txheej txheem fertilization zoo xws li fertigation yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txo qis leaching thiab txhim kho kev siv nitrogen. Lub hom phiaj ntawm tsab xov xwm no yog los muab cov lus qhia ua ntu zus rau kev coj ua fertigation rau kev lag luam qos yaj ywm.

Vim li cas thiaj siv FERTIGATION?

Fertigation yog ib txoj kev siv chiv uas ua haujlwm los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ua kua chiv rau hauv cov kav dej; Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, chiv yog siv los ntawm irrigation dej. Fertigation tau nquag siv rau cov qoob loo xws li txiv lws suav thiab strawberry hauv Florida tab sis tsis tau txais kev pom zoo rau kev lag luam qos yaj ywm. Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem fertilization, fertigation muaj qhov zoo hauv qab no: 1) kev xa khoom zoo; 2) cov ntaub ntawv meej hauv zos; 3) yooj yim tswj ntawm daim ntawv thov tus nqi thiab lub sij hawm; 4) ntau dua chiv-siv efficiency; thiab 5) tus nqi thov qis dua (Liu li al. 2016).

YUAV UA LI CAS RAU FERTIGATION SYSTEM?

Rau kev ua lag luam qos yaj ywm, ib qho dej siv nyiaj siv ua haujlwm muab cov neeg cog qoob loo kom pom kev yooj yim thiab zoo tshaj plaws rau fertigation (Daim duab 1). Ob qhov chaw-pivot thiab linear-piot irrigation systems yog tsim nyog. Ib qho tshuaj txhaj yog ua haujlwm rau fertigation (Daim duab 2). Lub injector txuas nrog lub hauv paus-pivot system thiab tso cai rau kev txhaj tshuaj ua kua chiv (xws li 32-0-0 lossis 8-0-8) rau hauv cov dej hauv dej.

YUAV UA LI CAS YUAV TSUM PAUB?

Kev xyaum ua fertilization rau Florida cov qos yaj ywm yog feem ntau faib ua peb theem: preplant, tshwm sim, thiab tuber pib. Qhuav granular fertilization tuaj yeem siv rau thawj ob theem. Fertigation yuav tsum tau ua kua chiv thiab yuav tsum tau pib ua ntej tuber pib theem.

YUAV UA LI CAS YUAV TSUM TAU TXAIS NTAU TSHAJ?

Rau chipping qos yaj ywm (piv txwv li, 'Atlantic') thiab tablestock qos yaj ywm (piv txwv li, 'Liab LaSoda') nrog ib tug 95-to-100-hnub lub neej ncua, fertigation yuav pib 40 mus rau 45 hnub tom qab cog nyob rau hauv tsib txheej xwm nrog ib tug 3- los yog 5-hnub ncua ntawm txhua qhov kev tshwm sim fertigation. Hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub xeev qhov kawg ntawm lub caij cog qoob loo coincides nrog lub caij los nag, fertigation yuav tsum pib tsis pub dhau 45 hnub tom qab cog. Txwv tsis pub, thaum lub caij ntuj qhuav pib, nquag los nag yuav tiv thaiv cov neeg cog qoob loo los ntawm kev khiav dej num, cuam tshuam nrog fertigation.

YOG DAB TSI FERTIGATION RATE?

Hauv Florida, 25% txog 35% ntawm tag nrho cov nitrogen (N) thiab poov tshuaj (K) tuaj yeem siv rau hauv tsib lub sijhawm fertigation los ntawm kev siv dej. Fertigation tus nqi tuaj yeem muab faib sib npaug ntawm 10 txog 12 lb / acre ib qho kev tshwm sim uas siv cov kua chiv xws li 8-0-8. Tus so ntawm N thiab K yuav tsum tau siv preplant (20% mus rau 25%) thiab thaum tshwm sim (40% mus rau 55%), feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhuav granular chiv.

QHOV CHAW UA HAUJ LWM yog dab tsi?

Fertilizers siv rau fertigation tuaj yeem yog cov kua chiv los yog cov tshuaj chiv ua los ntawm cov chiv soluble. Nitrate nitrogen yuav raug leaching. Potassium yog mobile hauv av thiab tuaj yeem leached ib yam. N thiab K tuaj yeem siv los ntawm fertigation. Piv txwv li, kua chiv formulations xws li 8-0-8 rau N thiab K los yog 32-0-0 rau N yuav siv tau.

Tus nqi txhaj tshuaj yog dab tsi?

Cov twj tso kua mis txij li 0.7 txog 227 nkas loos ib teev (GPH) muaj peev xwm muaj rau kev txhaj tshuaj ua kua chiv hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Hauv Manatee County, Florida, ib qho tshuaj txhaj tshuaj ntawm 55 GPH, kho tau los ntawm 5.5 txog 55 GPH, tau siv rau qhov chaw pivots nrog thaj tsam ntawm 40 txog 140 daim av.

YUAV UA LI CAS YUAV TSUM TAU TXAIS KEV PAB CUAM HAUV LUB IRRIGATION SYSTEM?

Thawj kauj ruam yog kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm lub kaw lus, xws li cov tshuaj chiv injector, N fertilizer muaj pes tsawg leeg, irrigation rate, thiab cov ntaub ntawv teb. Raws li ib qho piv txwv, cov hauv qab no yog cov ntaub ntawv rau ib qho piv txwv:

• Center pivot loj: 40 daim av
• Irrigation tus nqi: 600 gal / min
• Center pivot khiav ceev: 6 teev los yog ntau tshaj / lub voj voog
• Fertigation N tus nqi: 10 lb/ev
• Qhov siab tshaj plaws txhaj tshuaj ntawm lub injector: 55 (ntau ntawm 5.5 txog 55) GPH

Thaum 8-0-8 (ua los ntawm 296 lb ntawm UAN-32, 182 lb ntawm calcium nitrate, 360 lb ntawm potassium nitrate, thiab 1162 lb dej) nrog 23.68 lb ntawm ammonium (NH₄⁺) N thiab 89.38 lb ntawm nitrate (NO₃^-) N, thiab 47.36 lb urea (CN₂H₂O) N thiab 165.6 lb ntawm potassium oxide (K₂O) siv:

• Liquid N fertilizer qhov chaw: 8-0-8
• Qhov ntom ntawm kua N fertilizer: 10.09 lb/gallon ntawm 68^°F
• N cov ntsiab lus ib nkas loos ntawm 8-0-8: 0.807 lb.

Cov kauj ruam thib ob yog txiav txim siab tag nrho cov kua chiv N xav tau. Qhov no yog xam los ntawm kev paub qhov ceev ntawm cov kua N chiv xav tau ib daim acre thiab qhov loj ntawm daim teb.

• Tag nrho cov kua chiv N xav tau: 10 lb x 40 acre = 400 lbs.
• N xa hauv fertigation ib teev ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws txhaj tshuaj: 55 GPH × 0.807 lb/gal = 44.385 lb/hr.
• Lub sij hawm ntawm fertigation xa cov N chiv: Txhawm rau kom muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov chiv, 9 teev yuav tsum tau khiav ntawm qhov chaw pivot rau lub voj voog tag nrho: 400 lb ÷ 44.385 = 9.0 teev. Qhov no txhais tau tias lub sij hawm ntawm fertigation tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li kev txhaj tshuaj thiab N concentration ntawm cov kua chiv siv. Piv txwv ntawm kev suav tuaj yeem pom nrog cov kev txhaj tshuaj sib txawv thiab N ntau ntau hauv Cov Lus 1, 2, thiab 3 rau 40, 80, thiab 120 acres nrog N fertigation tus nqi ntawm 10 lb / acre.
• Tag nrho cov dej ntim (gal): 600 gal / min × 9 teev × 60 min / teev = 324,000 gal
• N concentration (oz / gal) hauv fertigation: 400 lb ÷ 324,000 gal × 16 oz/lb = 0.02
• Kev hloov pauv yam: 1 oz/gal = 6,236 ppm
• N concentration (PPM) hauv fertigation: 0.02 × 6,236 = 123 ppm

Thaum UAN-32 (32-0-0 ua los ntawm 50% txhua ntawm ammonium nitrate (NH)₄TSIS MUAJ₃) thiab urea) yog siv los ua cov chiv uas muaj 25% txhua ntawm NH₄⁺-N thiab NO₃^--N thiab 50% urea N:

• Liquid N fertilizer qhov chaw: 32-0-0
• Qhov ntom ntawm kua N fertilizer: 11.08 lb/gallon ntawm 68^°F
• N cov ntsiab lus ib nkas loos ntawm 32-0-0 (UAN-32): 3.55 lb
• Phaus ntawm kua chiv N xav tau: 10 lb x 40 acres = 400 lb
• Gallons ntawm kua chiv N xav tau: 400 lb ÷ 3.55 lb/gal = 113 gal
• Txhaj tus nqi: 113 gal ÷ 6 teev = 19 GPH
• Tag nrho cov dej ntim: 600 gal / min × 6 teev × 60 min / teev = 216,000 gal

Nrog rau qhov kev txhaj tshuaj qis dua, daim ntawv thov dej thiab fertilization tuaj yeem synchronized ntawm fertigation: 400 lb ntawm N thiab 216,000 nkas loos dej irrigation ob leeg tuaj yeem xa hauv 6 teev. N concentration hauv fertigation:

• N concentration (oz / gal) hauv fertigation: 400 lb ÷ 216,000 gal × 16 oz/lb = 0.03oz/gal
• Kev hloov pauv yam: 1 oz/gal = 6,236 ppm
• N concentration (PPM) hauv fertigation: 0.03 × 6,236 = 185 hli

Lwm txoj hauv kev los thov UAN-32 yog dilute cov kua chiv, 32-0-0. Thaum cov kua chiv muaj ntau dua 1 lb / nkas loos rau 40 ev kawj lossis tsawg dua thiab 3 lb / nkas loos rau 100 ev kawj lossis ntau dua.

• Kev tso quav: N concentration ntawm cov kua chiv (piv txwv li, 11.08 lb / gal ntawm UAN-32) ÷ qhov tseeb concentration tom qab dilution (piv txwv li, 1 lossis 3 lb / gal). Saib Table 4 rau cov piv txwv ntawm dilution. Tom qab dilution, kua chiv muaj ib tug txo cov as-ham concentration. Qhov tseeb nutrient concentration tom qab dilution yog txiav txim los ntawm cov kua chiv thiab dilution yam. Table 5 teev qhov tseeb N concentration tom qab dilution.

NIAM TXIV

Fertigation yog ib qho kev xyaum ua haujlwm zoo rau kev tswj cov khoom noj rau cov qos yaj ywm nrog cov dej siv nyiaj siv ua haujlwm. Lub hom phiaj ntawm fertigation yog pab cov neeg cog qoob loo ntawm Florida muab cov khoom noj rau cov nroj tsuag thaum lub sijhawm thiab siv BMPs uas txo cov zaub mov leaching thiab ua kom cov qos yaj ywm ntau tshaj. Kev sim ntau xyoo qhia tau hais tias fertigation tuaj yeem nce qos tuber tawm los ntawm 20% lossis siv 30% tsawg dua chiv. Fertigation pab txo cov kev mus ncig ua si rau fertilization thiab txo qis dej paug los ntawm cov khoom noj leaching.

Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv

• Liu, GD, EH Simonne, KT Morgan, and GJ Hochmuth. 2018. Av thiab Fertilizer Management rau Zaub Ntau Lawm hauv Florida. SIB 711. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Tau txais los ntawm Cuaj hlis 23, 2019. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/cv101
• Liu, GD, J. Williamson, G. England, thiab A. Whidden. Yuav ua li cas xam Fertigation Txhaj Nqi rau Kev Lag Luam Blueberry Production. SIB 1197. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Tau txais los ntawm Cuaj hlis 23, 2019. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1197
• Zotarelli, L., PJ Dittmar, PD Roberts, J. Desaeger, JW Noling, thiab B. Wells. 2019. Qos yaj ywm Production. Zaub Phau Ntawv Qhia ntawm Florida, 2019-2020. SIB 733. Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Tau txais los ntawm Cuaj hlis 23, 2019. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/cv131

HLOOV

• 1. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog HS1361, yog ib qho ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb Horticultural, University of Florida Extension. Thawj qhov tshaj tawm hnub tim Lub Peb Hlis 2020. Mus saib ntawm EDIS lub vev xaib ntawm https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu rau qhov kev txhawb nqa tam sim no ntawm qhov kev tshaj tawm no.
• 2. Xiangju Fu, tus kawm tiav, Guodong Liu, tus kws tshaj lij, Lincoln Zotarelli, tus pab xibfwb, thiab Steven Sargent, tus xibfwb, Horticultural Sciences Department; Kati Migliaccio, tus xibfwb thiab tus thawj coj, Department of Agricultural thiab Biological Engineering; thiab Yuncong Li, tus xibfwb, Department of Av thiab Dej Sciences, University of Florida Tropical Research thiab Education Center, Homestead, FL 33031.
• Kev siv cov npe lag luam hauv kev tshaj tawm no tsuas yog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev muab cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb. Univercity of Florida tsis lav lossis lav cov khoom muaj npe, thiab cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau lawv hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm no tsis qhia peb qhov kev pom zoo rau kev tsis suav nrog lwm cov khoom tsim nyog. Txhua yam tshuaj yuav tsum tau siv raws li cov lus qhia ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom daim ntawv lo.

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