Colorado qos beetle (CPB) cov pej xeem muaj lub peev xwm zoo heev los txhim kho cov tshuaj tua kab - suav nrog ntau cov carbamate, organophosphate, pyrethroid, spinosyn, thiab neonicotinoid insecticides uas tau siv niaj hnub no.

CPB lub peev xwm los txhim kho kev tiv thaiv tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob thaum koj xav txog cov kab no yuav tsum tau txais txoj hauv kev los ua kom siab siab ntawm cov tshuaj lom glycoalkaloids hauv lawv cov tswv tsev solanaceous. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, cov kab no yog pre-nruab nrab los daws cov co toxins. Tej zaum nws yuav siv sij hawm me me hloov pauv kom muaj kev tiv thaiv rau cov co toxins tshiab.
Ntxiv mus, CPBs tsim cov tub ntxhais coob coob, ua rau muaj qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab-resistant mutants yuav tshwm sim random. Xav txog tias 50 qe rau ib tsob nroj, sib npaug los ntawm 20,000 qos yaj ywm nroj tsuag ib daim av, tuaj yeem tsim tau ib lab kab hauv ib tiam. Thiab feem ntau muaj ob lossis peb tiam hauv ib lub caij. Thaum cov tshuaj tua kab yog thawj zaug siv rau cov qoob loo, cov kab mob me me (tej zaum tsuas yog ib ntawm 10 lab) tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob vim muaj kev hloov pauv tsis sib xws. Yog hais tias tsis muaj dab tsi lwm tus tua lawv, ob peb resistant mutants yuav rov tsim dua. Thiab ntau ntawm lawv cov xeeb ntxwv yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab.
Lub tswv yim los tswj CPBs thiab zam kev tiv thaiv kab mob
Qos qoob loo tig thiab sib cais
CPBs overwinter raws li cov neeg laus hauv cov av hauv xyoo dhau los cov qos yaj ywm teb tom qab ntawd tshwm sim rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav los pub, sib yuav, thiab nteg qe. Larvae tawm ntawm cov qe, pub rau ib pliag, thiab tom qab ntawd poob rau hauv av kom pupate thiab pib lub voj voog dua li ntau li peb zaug hauv ib lub caij. Tso cov qos yaj ywm xyoo no kom deb ntawm xyoo tas los ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov qos yaj ywm kom nrhiav tau ib yam khoom noj thaum lawv tawm. Lawv noj tsuas yog solanaceous qoob loo thiab nroj tsuag, thiab lawv tsis mus kev deb. Rau lub tswv yim no kom txo tau CPB siab, cais thaj tsam ntawm tsawg kawg yog 0.25 mais.
Txau kev txiav txim siab
Qee cov tshuaj tua kab degrade yog tias cov tshuaj tsuag yog acidic (xws li spinosad, spinetoram). Lwm tus degrade yog tias cov tshuaj yog alkaline-neutral (piv txwv li, phosmet). Thiab koj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv qee cov tshuaj tua kab nrog cov ntawv nplaum / khi hom adjuvants (xws li abamectin thiab thiamethoxam). Cov khoom no yuav tsis ua haujlwm zoo yog tias koj tsis mloog cov ntsiab lus no, uas feem ntau suav nrog hauv khoom npe.
Lub sijhawm thov thiab tus nqi
Nws yog kev ntxias kom ua cov tshuaj tua kab foliar sai li sai tau thaum koj pom cov kab laus. Tab sis feem ntau koj tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua yog tias koj tos kom cov larvae tshwm sim. Cov tshuaj tua kab feem ntau ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv cov qe tshiab, me me. Peb feem ntau pom zoo ua cov ntawv foliar thaum txog 50% ntawm cov larvae tau hatched. Saib xyuas CPB cov pej xeem ze kom tau lub sijhawm. Siv tag nrho daim ntawv lo tus nqi (dosage) ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws.
Hloov cov tshuaj tua kab nrog ntau hom kev ua
Kev cia siab rau ib qho tshuaj tua kab (lossis ntau yam uas tua nrog cov qauv zoo sib xws) tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam lossis kev sib tw hauv cov neeg CPB. Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) npaj cov tshuaj tua kab raws li lawv hom kev ua. Yog li koj yuav tsum tau tig cov tshuaj tua kab los ntawm ntau pawg IRAC nrog rau txhua daim ntawv thov. Yog hais tias koj tsis tua cov mutants resistant nrog ib tug, tej zaum koj muaj peev xwm tswj lawv nrog ib tug tom ntej daim ntawv thov ntawm ib tug txawv kiag li insecticide.
Neonicotinoid tshuaj tua kab
Ntau tus neeg cog qos yaj ywm qhia txog kev tswj hwm zoo ntawm CBPs thaum lawv siv neonicotinoid (IRAC Group 4) thaum cog lossis hilling. Nws tau paub tias muab 80 mus rau 100 hnub ntawm kev tswj qhov seem. Tab sis raug rau cov tshuaj tua kab nrog ntev persistence nyob rau hauv nplooj tuaj yeem tsim kev xaiv muaj zog rau kev tiv thaiv. Muaj ntau neonicotinoid-resistant CPB pejxeem nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab Midwest. Txhawm rau txo qis kev pheej hmoo nyob rau sab hnub poob, peb nug cov neeg cog qoob loo yog tias lawv siv cov nroj tsuag ntawm tsob ntoo lossis ntawm toj roob hauv pes neonicotinoid, kom tsis txhob siv cov foliar neonicotinoids hauv lub caij.

Paj Dawb thiab CPBs
Cov qos yaj ywm ua haujlwm pub dawb yog qhov khoom noj thaum ntxov thiab cog qoob loo rau CPB cov neeg laus uas tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo tas los cov qos yaj ywm. Lawv nyiam nyob rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag no, tab sis qee tus ntawm lawv cov xeeb ntxwv thaum kawg yuav pom lawv txoj hauv kev rau xyoo no qos yaj ywm. Yog volunteers muaj ntau nyob rau hauv koj cheeb tsam, yuav tsum saib xyuas rau cov tuaj txog lig. Cov tshuaj tua kab siv los tswj CPBs uas tshwm sim ua ntej (nrog rau cov nroj tsuag neonicotinoid) tej zaum yuav tas sij hawm.
Extended Diapause
Qee cov neeg CPB tsis txhob raug tshuaj tua kab los ntawm kev nyob hauv av ntev dua thiab ncua lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Qhov kev tawm tsam no yog hu ua ncua diapause.Qhov no yog lwm qhov laj thawj los saib xyuas CPB cov pej xeem hauv cov qos yaj ywm ze ze. Koj tuaj yeem ua daim ntawv thov thaum muaj kab tsuag tsis yog txau rau ntawm daim ntawv qhia hnub.
Carrie Huffman Wohleb yog Associate Professor/Regional Specialist – Qos, Zaub, thiab Seed Crops, ntawm Washington State University. Saib tag nrho cov neeg sau zaj dab neeg ntawm no.