Qos yaj ywm raug xaiv los ua "Cov Khoom Noj Yav Tom Ntej" rau kev noj zaub mov thiab kev ruaj ntseg hauv lub ntiaj teb tsim (FAO, 2008). Thoob plaws ntiaj teb, Is Nrias teb yog tus thib ob-loj tshaj plaws qos yaj ywm tsim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no thiab nyob qib thib peb hauv thaj tsam hauv qab qos yaj ywm cog qoob loo nrog 7.72% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov qos yaj ywm los ntawm 7.57% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov qos yaj ywm loj hlob thiab muaj cov khoom tsim tau ntau dua li qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub ntiaj teb (Rana, 2011). Cov qos yaj ywm hauv lub tebchaws tau dhia los ntawm 1.54 lab tons hauv xyoo 1949-50 txog 59.74 lab tons hauv xyoo 2022-23. (NHM, 2022-231st adv. kwv yees) thaum cov khoom lag luam tau nce los ntawm yuav luag 34 zaug hauv cov xyoo no (ICAR-CPRI POTATO STATISTICS). Qos yaj ywm yog cov qoob loo vegetatively propagated thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig tau cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam. Ntawm lawv, cov noob zoo yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. 40 mus rau 50 feem pua ntawm cov nqi nkag rau qos yaj ywm cog qoob loo mus rau kev yuav noob. Qhov nruab nrab tawm los ntawm 30 mus rau 50 feem pua los ntawm kev siv cov noob zoo li piv rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb cov noob tau tshaj tawm los ntawm FAO hauv ib daim ntawv qhia txog qos yaj ywm hauv Asia-Pacific (https://www.fao.org/3/i0200e /I0200E05.htm).
Punjab yog ib lub xeev ua liaj ua teb loj hauv Is Nrias teb, nrog thaj tsam ntawm tsuas yog 1.57 feem pua ntawm Is Nrias teb tag nrho thaj chaw, pab 12 feem pua rau lub teb chaws 234 lab tons ntawm cov zaub mov. Punjab stands 6th nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov qos yaj ywm zus tau tej cov 2.57 lab tonnes, sau qhov thib peb-siab tshaj productivity (26.10 t / ha) los ntawm ib cheeb tsam ntawm 0.98 lakh ha nyob rau hauv 2017-18 (Horticulture Statistics Division, Department of Agri. & Kev koom tes). Nws qhov tshwj xeeb agro-kev nyab xeeb nrog cov av noj qab haus huv ntawm Punjab (dawb los ntawm cov kab mob wilt thiab lwm yam kab mob hauv av) ua ke nrog "cov txheej txheem cov noob qoob loo" muab los ntawm CPRI uas ua rau muaj kev noj qab haus huv cov noob qos yaj ywm hauv Indi-Gangetic plains, tau ua rau nws mus evolve raws li tus loj loj-dawb noob tsim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, uas ua tau raws li 90% ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob-dawb qos yaj ywm yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws (Status report Department of Horticulture, Punjab). Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov noob qoob loo uas muaj nyob hauv Punjab tau qhia tias ob qho tib si cov noob kab lis kev cai thiab tsis raws cai tau muaj nyob hauv lub xeev. Raws li kev kwv yees cov txheej txheem cov noob qoob loo tsuas yog 20% ntawm tag nrho cov noob qoob loo hauv Is Nrias teb, siv los ntawm cov neeg cog qoob loo thaum lwm qhov 80% yog pab los ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis raug (Kadian li al., 2007). Punjab tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm "Cov Noob Bowl of Potato" hauv lub tebchaws. Cov noob qos yaj ywm tau muab xa mus rau lwm lub xeev los ntawm ob qho tib si cov noob qoob loo thiab tsis raug cai. Txawm hais tias Lub Xeev tsuas muaj kwv yees li 5% ntawm cov qos yaj ywm thiab cov khoom tsim hauv lub tebchaws li 55% ntawm cov qos yaj ywm tsim tau muab los ua cov noob rau lwm lub xeev xws li Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, thiab lwm lub xeev tsim cov qos yaj ywm sawv cev. kwv yees li 20 feem pua ntawm cov noob xav tau ntawm lub tebchaws txhua xyoo. Punjab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaj chaw Doaba thiab Malwa loj hlob qos yaj ywm hauv thaj tsam li 83500 hectares uas ua tau txog 2.0 lab tons ntawm qos yaj ywm nrog qhov nruab nrab tsim tau ntawm 24.7 tons / ha (Directorate-F&VO, European Commission, tshawb xyuas 2011-12). Punjab tsim ib ncig ntawm 27 lab metric tons ntawm qos yaj ywm txhua xyoo thiab khoom siv nyob ib ncig ntawm 60-70% ntawm cov noob qos yaj ywm rau kev lag luam hauv tsev.
Qhov nce tsis tu ncua ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov noob qos yaj ywm los ntawm Punjab tau ua rau poob nyiaj txiag loj thiab ua rau cov neeg siv khoom ntseeg siab. Nws tau dhau los ua qhov teeb meem nyuaj rau cov neeg tsim khoom, cov kws tshawb fawb, tsoomfwv, cov neeg siv khoom, thiab lwm tus neeg koom tes ua haujlwm hauv Seed Potato production hauv Punjab. Taug qab thiab ua pov thawj cov noob qos yaj ywm hauv cov khoom lag luam kom nkag siab txog qhov pov thawj yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txheeb xyuas thiab hais txog qhov chaw muaj kab mob hauv cov khoom siv. Ib txoj hauv kev los daws cov teeb meem traceability thiab ua kom pom tseeb yog siv blockchain thev naus laus zis thiab Is Taws Nem ntawm Yam (IoT) los sau thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv raws sijhawm los tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm tom qab.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Punjab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab txhawb nqa lub xeev txoj haujlwm kev coj noj coj ua raws li cov qos yaj ywm loj tshaj plaws-tsim lub xeev ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb ntawm kev muaj txiaj ntsig ntxiv rau cov noob qos yaj ywm, Tsoom Fwv Punjab tau qhia txog cov ntawv pov thawj thiab kev taug qab ntawm cov noob qos yaj ywm kom pom tseeb qhov pom zoo nrog kev taw qhia. ntawm a blockchain traceability-raws li ntawv pov thawj system.
Nrog lub advent ntawm Blockchain technology, traceability yog muab lub cib fim, rau qos yaj ywm cog nyob rau hauv lub domestic los yog thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam, yuav muaj peev xwm sib txawv Punjab cov qos yaj ywm los ntawm lwm lub xeev los ntawm deploying blockchain technology los ua pov thawj thiab traceability ntawm noob qos yaj ywm txoj cai los ntawm lub nucleus mus rau lub certified noob theem (sau). Los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis blockchain, cov qos yaj ywm cog thiab cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tuaj yeem taug qab lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov noob qos yaj ywm. Siv cov thev naus laus zis xws li barcodes thiab QR cov lej yuav tso cai rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb hla kev kuaj xyuas seb lawv puas yuav cov noob tiag tiag los ntawm Punjab lossis tsis yog. Nyob rau hauv qhov project, qhov zoo ntawm cov noob yuav raug tshuaj xyuas ua ntej sowing thiab tseem yuav geo-tagged. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm geo-tagging yog los xyuas qhov tsis tseeb ntawm kev cog lus cog lus. Cov tub ceev xwm tau hais tias kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua ntawm thaj chaw yuav ua kom muaj kev kuaj xyuas cov khoom siv thiab kab mob. Yuav pib nrog, cov ntaub ntawv digitized yuav raug teeb tsa, uas tseem yuav ua rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb nkag mus rau kev paub txog kev npaj qoob loo thiab kev tswj hwm, cov khoom siv, credit, kev tswj xyuas tom qab sau qoob, tus nqi ntxiv, thiab txhim kho kev lag luam txuas. Lub tsev nruab nrab tseem yuav pab tau txhua cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam los ntawm daim ntawv thov mobile thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv txuas ntxiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yog kom ntseeg tau tias tag nrho cov nqi saw. Qhov kev pib no yuav tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv kev txaus siab ntawm Punjab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb nrog kev ua tiav zoo dua, tab sis tseem yuav txhawb nqa lub xeev txoj haujlwm ua thawj coj ua lub xeev loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov noob qoob loo.
Xaus: - Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb thiab Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv, Tsoomfwv Punjab Xyoo 2019 tau pib ua daim ntawv pov thawj thiab kev txheeb xyuas ntawm cov noob qos yaj ywm kom ntseeg tau tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Txoj haujlwm no tau tso siab rau Punjab Agri Export Corporation (PAGREXCO) nrog rau lub tuam txhab Bengaluru Technology Solutions as ib tug tswv cuab technology. Blockchain thev naus laus zis yuav raug siv los ua daim ntawv pov thawj thiab traceability ntawm cov noob qos yaj ywm txoj cai los ntawm lub hauv paus mus rau qib cov noob tau ntawv pov thawj. Raws li qhov project, qhov zoo thiab cov peev txheej ntawm cov noob qos yaj ywm yuav raug txheeb xyuas ntawm txhua qib thiab tseem yuav raug muab tso rau hauv geo-tagged. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm geo-tagging yog los xyuas qhov tsis tseeb ntawm kev cog lus cog lus. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov teb tsis tu ncua yuav raug ua los ntawm Punjab State Seed daim ntawv pov thawj txoj cai kom muaj kev txheeb xyuas cov qoob loo zoo. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm thaj tsam ntawm cov noob qos yaj ywm raug coj los kuaj xyuas rau lub caij cog qoob loo 2019-20 thiab 2020-21 nrog rau theem ntawm cov noob qos yaj ywm thaum lub sijhawm sowing yog muab hauv qab no.
| XOV XWM QHOV CHAW UA HAUJ LWM TAG NRHO RAU TRACEABILITY | |
| Xyoo | AREA (Ha.) |
| 2017-18 | 615.92 |
| 2018-19 | 417.54 |
| 2019-20 | 779.72 |
| 2020-21 | 633.44 |
| 2021-22 | 579.14 |
Nrog rau kev siv thev naus laus zis blockchain, cov qos yaj ywm ua liaj ua teb tuaj yeem taug qab lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov noob lawv yuav. software kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no tsim cov kev sib tshuam xws li barcodes thiab QR cov lej uas tso cai rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab cov neeg yuav khoom hla kev txheeb xyuas seb lawv puas yuav cov noob tiag tiag los ntawm Punjab lossis tsis.
Lub tsev nruab nrab yuav pab tau txhua cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam los ntawm daim ntawv thov mobile thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv txuas ntxiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raug ntes ntawm tag nrho cov kev sib tw. Qhov no tseem yuav pab tsim cov ntaub ntawv digital ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb koom nrog hauv cov noob qos yaj ywm los muab lawv nkag mus rau kev paub txog kev npaj qoob loo thiab kev tswj hwm, cov khoom siv, credit, kev tswj xyuas tom qab sau qoob, tus nqi ntxiv, thiab txhim kho kev lag luam txuas.
Lub peev xwm ntawm blockchain thev naus laus zis rau kev ua kom paub tseeb thiab qhov tseeb rau qhov zoo ntawm cov noob qos yaj ywm hauv cov khoom lag luam yuav ua pov thawj qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau yav tom ntej rau cov noob qos yaj ywm ntawm Punjab.
