Mobile drip irrigation yog dab tsi?
Mobile Drip Irrigation (MDI) los yog Precision Mobile Drip Irrigation (PMDI) technologies rau pivot thiab lateral/linear sprinkers tau nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam rau ntau tshaj 15 xyoo, thiab tau tshawb fawb ntau tshaj 40 xyoo (Rawlins, 1974). Kev txaus siab tshiab tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo tas los no thiab cov khoom lag luam MDI ntxiv tau dhau los ua ntau dua. Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm MDI yog qhov txuas ntawm drip daim kab xev los yog kab rau mobile irrigation systems xws li ib tug pivot los yog lateral.
Daim kab xev drip feem ntau yog muab tso rau ntawm qhov sib nrug, kwv yees li 20-40 nti sib nrug nrog 1 lossis 2 nkas loos ib teev emitters spaced kwv yees li txhua txhua 6 ntiv tes. Thaum txuas rau qhov nruab nrab pivots, qhov ntev ntawm cov kab xev drip nce nrog kev ncua deb ntawm qhov pivot taw tes kom sib npaug ntawm cov dej. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv drip daim kab xev feem ntau ncua ntawm li 5 feet mus rau 100 feet ntev. Mobile drip irrigation systems tuaj yeem txuas nrog cov pivots uas twb muaj lawm, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau ob qho tib si cov qoob loo qis (xws li, alfalfa lossis cov nplej me) thiab cov qoob loo siab zoo li pob kws.
Vim li cas kuv thiaj xav txog nws?
Kev tsim qoob loo thiab kev tawm los yog nyob ntawm cov dej txaus. Nyob rau hauv Utah, irrigation muab ib feem ntawm cov dej. Cov dej siv dej siv yog siv los ntawm cov qoob loo transpiration, poob rau hauv cov kav dej (cua drift, thiab lwm yam), evaporated los ntawm cov av thiab nplooj, los yog ua tsis muaj rau cov qoob loo los ntawm kev sib sib zog nqus percolation thiab dej ntws. Cov thev naus laus zis tshiab xws li MDI muaj lub peev xwm los txhim kho cov dej ua kom zoo dua li ua kom cov dej muaj rau cov qoob loo thiab txuag dej los ntawm kev txo qis. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm MDI tshiab tseem txwv, tab sis tau los ntawm kev sim hauv Kansas (Kisekka et al., 2017; Schmidt, 2016) thiab Texas (O'Shaughnessy et al., 2017) tau qhia tias MDI tuaj yeem tswj cov pob kws yields thiab txhim kho dej. siv efficiency.
Qhov no yog ua los ntawm kev txo cov evaporation ntawm cov av thiab cov qoob loo cov qoob loo, poob los ntawm cov cua drift, thiab muab cov dej sib xyaw kom txo tau qhov sib sib zog nqus percolation thiab kev ntxhov siab hauv cov nroj tsuag.Yog tias koj tab tom txiav txim siab MDI ntawm koj cov liaj teb, nws yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo. thiab qhov tsis zoo. Muaj peev xwm zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm MDI piv rau lwm qhov pivot irrigation systems muaj nyob rau hauv Table 1. Qhov tseem ceeb yog muab tso rau ntawm "muaj peev xwm" raws li cov ntaub ntawv tseem tab tom sau hauv Utah thiab lwm qhov hauv lub tebchaws kom paub tseeb qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Daim ntawv teev npe no tsis yog tag nrho thiab yuav txawv raws li thaj chaw hauv cheeb tsam thiab huab cua. Nws raug nquahu kom cov neeg cog qoob loo sab laj nrog cov chaw muab khoom siv dej, cov neeg ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv, thiab lwm cov neeg siv kev paub.
Yuav ua li cas MDI hloov mus rau pivots lossis laterals?
Mobile drip irrigation systems tuaj yeem hloov mus rau ze li ntawm ib qho pivot uas twb muaj lawm lossis lateral irrigation system. Kev teeb tsa los ntawm ib tus kws tshaj lij kev paub yog nyiam, tab sis cov neeg cog qoob loo tau ua tiav lawv cov kab ke. Configurations yuav txawv nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab cov khoom. Yog li, cov txheej txheem hauv qab no yuav tsis siv rau txhua lub tshuab, tab sis muab cov ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm kev teeb tsa. Kev teeb tsa muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob xaim los txhawb nqa manifolds, hoses, thiab drip daim kab xev (Daim duab 2). Cov nozzles uas twb muaj lawm raug tshem tawm thiab cov tee uas twb muaj lawm txuas nrog cov tubing uas tau teeb tsa horizontally raws txoj hlua txhawb nqa.
Txhua 20-40 ntiv tes raws kab kab rov tav (nyob ntawm cov qoob loo thiab hom av), peb-txoj kev sib txuas yog siv los txuas cov hoses hloov tau yooj yim (kwv yees li 10 feet) uas so ntawm cov av. Drip daim kab xev txuas nrog cov hoses hloov tau yooj yim. Qhov ntev ntawm daim kab xev drip sib txawv thoob plaws pivot kom muab cov ntawv thov xav tau. Ib qho qauv zoo sib xws yog siv rau high-line MDI systems kom haum rau cov qoob loo siab dua li pob kws. Qhov txawv yog qhov kev txhawb nqa hlau yog nyob ntawm 10 ko taw saum av es tsis txhob 5 taw hauv cov kab qis. Lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog cov yeeb nkab PVC lossis lwm yam khoom siv nruj yog siv los txuas ntxiv cov tee, thiab cov hlau txuas ntxiv yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa txhua qhov poob thaum nws mus txog ntawm cov qoob loo.
rooj 1 Muaj peev xwm zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm mobile drip irrigation.
Muaj peev xwm zoo | Muaj peev xwm tsis zoo |
---|---|
Nws tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm cov cuab yeej siv dej uas twb muaj lawm yog li cov nqi qis dua li cov dej ntws hauv cov dej ntws | Cov khoom siv tau nce nqi piv rau lwm cov pivot sprinkler pob |
Txhim kho av infiltration rau cov teb sloped los yog nruj cov av | Cov nqi ua haujlwm nce ntxiv nrog rau kev txhim kho thiab tswj cov khoom siv |
Txhim kho irrigation daim ntawv thov uniformity thiab efficiency | Ntxiv cov khoom siv lim thiab cov nqi ua haujlwm |
Txo cov av thiab cov nroj tsuag canopy evaporation thiab cua drift losses | Nas thiab grazing tsiaj puas tsuaj rau drip daim kab xev |
Txo cov kab mob thiab lwm yam kab tsuag los ntawm kev muaj cov kab ntoo qhuav | Lub cev tsis muaj peev xwm ntxuav kab laug sab mites los ntawm pob kws nroj tsuag |
Txo cov dej ntws kom tso cai rau kev siv cov twj tso kua mis qis dua | Cov kev txwv ntawm germination thiab chemigation xaiv |
Qhuav log lem | Tswj ib ncig ntawm drip daim kab xev uas ncua deb ntawm pivot |
Kev tswj qoob loo yuav tsum hloov pauv li cas?
Germination los yog hnyav irrigations - Tag nrho cov av npog dej yog qee zaum xav tau rau kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo. Cov hom dej no tsis zoo rau MDI. Yuav kom ua raws li qhov no, cov pob germination tuaj yeem suav nrog. Muaj ob peb txoj kev xaiv, tab sis qhov yooj yim tshaj yog khaws cov nozzles uas twb muaj lawm ntxiv rau MDI. Tej yam yooj yim manifolds nrog phau ntawv li qub tuaj yeem ntsia tau yog li cov kais dej tuaj yeem hloov tau yooj yim ntawm cov ntawv siv nyiaj siv ua haujlwm thiab MDI. Nozzle hnyav feem ntau raug tshem tawm rau daim ntawv thov no thiab cov pob nozzling yuav tsum tau tsim thiab nruab rau daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb no.
Cog - Rau MDI kom ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, nws raug pom zoo kom cog qoob loo xws li pob kws cog rau hauv ib lub voj voog rau nruab nrab pivots lossis perpendicular mus rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm sab. Qhov no xyuas kom meej tias cov ntaub nplaum tsis yog 1) rub los ntawm cov qoob loo sawv ntsug uas tuaj yeem ua rau kom rub ntawm lub pivot lossis lateral, 2) ua rau cov nroj tsuag puas tsuaj, lossis 3) nqa tawm hauv av thiab caij rau hauv cov qoob loo uas ua haujlwm tawm tsam qee qhov. lub hom phiaj ntawm MDI. Precision los yog ua tib zoo cog kom ntseeg tau tias txawm tias qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab kuj raug pom zoo. Kev cog kev taw qhia feem ntau tsis muaj teeb meem rau cov qoob loo uas tsis yog kab.

Fertigation thiab Chemigation - Foliar pub mis nrog micronutrients, thiab lwm yam tshuaj uas xav tau kev sib cuag nrog cov nplooj nplooj (xws li qee cov tshuaj tua kab) yuav tsis zoo nrog MDI. Yog tias cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau siv, nruab thiab siv lub pob germination ( khaws cov nozzles uas twb muaj lawm uas tuaj yeem qhib tau manually) los siv tshuaj rau cov khoom cog. Qee qhov chemigation tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab drip, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm ntau yam tshuaj tseem tsis tshua muaj.
Field Operations – Feem ntau cov haujlwm xws li tillage thiab qoob loo yuav tsum tau hloov kho kom tsis txhob tsoo los yog ua rau cov kab xev drip uas tuaj yeem ncav cuag li 100 ko taw deb ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov pivot lossis lateral trusses. Txhawm rau zam qhov teeb meem no, qee cov neeg cog qoob loo tau pom tias cov ntaub nplaum tuaj yeem coiled los ntawm kev txav cov dej ntws rov qab ntau zaus. Txoj kev no, txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog ib txwm ua tiav thiab tuaj yeem ua rau tangled thiab kinked kab uas yuav tsum tau phau ntawv un-kinking.
Cov kauj ruam yuav tsum ua thaum xav txog MDI
Kev txiav txim siab loj ntawm MDI yuav tsum suav nrog ob peb kauj ruam los xyuas kom meej tias cov dej hauv av, dej zoo, thiab kev lim dej txaus los txhawb cov dej ntws. Cov kauj ruam los ua tej zaum yuav muaj xws li:
Xav txog koj qhov chaw dej: Ob qhov chaw hauv av thiab hauv av yuav ua haujlwm nrog MDI, tab sis yuav tsum paub tias cov dej saum npoo av feem ntau muaj ntau yam kab mob thiab lwm yam kab mob uas yuav tsum tau lim tawm.
Ua ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas dej zoo: Qhov no yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab ntawm MDI. Tsis txhob nruab ib lub system ua ntej kom ntseeg tau tias tsim nyog pom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Sau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov dej uas muab txhua qhov pivot raws li kev txiav txim siab los ntawm triple flushing ces sau ib lub raj mis. Sau lub raj mis kom puv li koj tuaj yeem ua tau thiab xa cov qauv mus rau lub chaw kuaj dej muaj npe nrov kom sai li sai tau. Tsis txhob cia tus qauv khov. Muaj cov qauv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas rau sediment thiab organics. Xyuas kom pom zoo thiab / lossis kev kho dej: Kev lim dej yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo MDI.
Hom kab mob yuav txiav txim siab xav tau kev lim dej. Feem ntau MDI systems yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 80 mesh (177 micron) pom. Sediment contamination yuav xav tau cov xuab zeb sib cais. Cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg tuaj yeem lim tau siv ntau txoj hauv kev suav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj chlorine rau hauv pivot kom huv cov kab thiab siv ntau yam kev lag luam lim. Ntau qhov kev xaiv pom muaj nyob thiab muaj txij li phau ntawv mus rau kev tu tus kheej. Nco ntsoov qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv lim dej ua haujlwm thiab kev teeb tsa thaum ntsuas MDI - nws yuav ntxiv txog li $ 15,000 hauv cov khoom siv ib leeg ib qho pivot nyob ntawm seb hom kev pom xav tau.
Txiav txim siab lwm yam kev hloov pauv uas yuav tsim nyog: MDI systems yog tsim los ua haujlwm ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj siab (<10 psi). Lawv tuaj yeem tswj hwm tus kheej lub zog siab txog li 60 psi. Yog li ntawd, qee qhov kev hloov kho rau cov tshuab uas twb muaj lawm, xws li kev sib ntxiv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm lub zog tsav, tej zaum yuav tsim nyog los txo qhov hnav thiab tsim kua muag thiab cov nqi hluav taws xob tsis tsim nyog.

Nws raug nqi li cas?
Tus nqi ntawm MDI yog ib qho ntawm thawj cov lus nug uas feem ntau cov neeg cog qoob loo muaj. Tam sim no muaj ob yam khoom loj MDI ntawm lub khw. Cov no suav nrog Dragon-Lines thiab NetaFim uas nws cov khoom hu ua PMDI. Tus nqi rau MDI cov cuab yeej thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm cov pivots lossis cov laterals uas twb muaj lawm yuav sib txawv los ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov chaw muag khoom, thaj chaw, thiab lwm yam. Cov neeg cog qoob loo yuav cia siab tias yuav siv nyiaj li ntawm $ 150- $ 200 toj ib acre rau cov cuab yeej siv thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm MDI, tab sis yuav tsum sab laj nrog cov neeg muag khoom kom paub meej cov nqe lus ntau dua. Tus nqi kwv yees no tsis suav nrog kev pom, kev tswj xyuas lub siab, thiab cov nqi tu. Qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm tag nrho cov nqi no yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum nqis peev hauv MDI.
Yuav tsum tau kho dab tsi?
Kev saib xyuas ntawm MDI cov tshuab feem ntau yuav suav nrog qee lub sijhawm rov tso cov kab drip los ntawm kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cua daj cua dub, tsiaj txhu lossis tsiaj qus, lossis lwm yam. Cov tshuab lim yuav xav tau ntau theem ntawm kev saib xyuas. Cov kab drip yuav tsum tau yaug tawm ib ntus kom tshem tawm cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm cov lim dej. Kev puas tsuaj rau nas qee zaum tshwm sim uas yuav tsum tau hloov pauv ntawm ntu ntawm daim kab xev. Lub neej muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm MDI systems yuav txawv nyob ntawm ib puag ncig, tab sis feem ntau yuav kav ntev li 10-15 xyoo.
